Meander and MeanderKit are both written in C++ for fast performance and leverage OpenGL for hardware-accelerated rendering. This technique was also used in the short-film Feast. This allowed us to create the effect of an animated painting on Paperman– with all the benefits of CG animation (smoothness, depth, stability) and combine it with the benefits of hand-drawn animation (emotional cues from lines, every frame drawn to camera). Given 3D animation and strokes drawn on top, those strokes are then “carried” along with the 3D animation but always drawn as two-dimensional strokes. Taking this concept a step further– on Paperman, the stroke geometry could be “attached” to an underlying 3D animated character. While the system cannot make artistic choices, it can however assist the artist in doing arduous tasks such as inbetweening subtle movements that require great precision. For example, Meander has inbetweening capabilities– given similar drawings on different frames, the system can interpolate the strokes and draw them as if the artist had drawn them. Once we could ensure that the drawing quality was as good or better than all other drawing tools, we could then focus on adding the new abilities that the geometric information would allow. To be compelling, Meander has to empower artists in ways not possible without a computer while not compromising the ease-of-use of paper. In the case of drawing, it’s difficult to improve upon pencil and paper. The primary goal of any artistic tool is to allow an artist to express their intent as quickly and easily as possible– unencumbered by complexity of interface. In short, Meander stores the geometry and characteristics of a stroke (its centerline, width, color, pen) but renders the curves similar to how a raster program does. High pen/brush quality and customization.Meander attempts to leverage the best of both in such a way to better fit the needs of Disney artists.īased on our needs at Disney Animation, we identified a few features of each and combined them to create a list of must-haves. Vector programs represent strokes as geometry, allowing for features like editability of any strokes after they’re drawn and allows for scaling of drawings without loss of detail. Raster programs are those where as you draw, you have no editing capabilities for your strokes - you can only erase or redraw in order to change the image. Most drawing systems fall into the category of either purely vector or purely raster. ![]() The natural processes of periodic flooding, accompanied by erosion and deposition, bring changes to the topography, soils, vegetation, and physical features (such as meanders, braided channels and oxbow lakes) within these areas over time.What makes Meander a vector/raster hybrid drawing system? The movement of water between these stores is called transfers. The major stores of water are the ocean, ice caps, land and the atmosphere. ![]() Some water percolates deeper into the ground and is slowly transferred back to the river or sea.This through flow moves more slowly back to the river than surface run-off. Surface run-off is more likely to occur if the ground is saturated with water or when the rock is impermeable. This happens when the surface doesn’t allow water to penetrate. Some water flows across the surface of the ground – surface run-off. ![]() This slows down or prevents some water flowing back to the river. Some will evaporate from the surface of leaves or be taken up by the plant roots, and some of this water will eventually return to the air as vapour through the process of transpiration. Some water may then slowly reach the ground. Some water is intercepted by vegetation.When the precipitation reaches the surface, some falls directly into the sea but other water falls on land: Precipitation occurs as water droplets get bigger and heavier they begin to fall as rain, snow and sleet, etc.Condensation occurs when water vapour is turned back into water droplets as it cools down.The warm, moist air rises because it is less dense.Water is evaporated from oceans, rivers, lakes, etc.Energy from the Sun heats the surface of the Earth.
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